Potential receptors of mosquito-borne arboviruses.

Arboviruses	Molecules	Properties	Viruses	Cell types	Approaches used to identify/verify the receptors	Interacted viral components	References
Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses	DC-SIGN/L-SIGN/LSECtin	C-type lectins	DENV, WNV, JEV, ZIKV	Mammalian	Binding assays; Immunofluorescence; RNAi assays; Antibody blocking assay; Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines; Cryo-EM	prM/E proteins	(Davis et al., 2006; Dejnirattisai et al., 2011; Liu, Ridilla, et al., 2017; Pokidysheva et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2016)
	Mannose receptor		DENV	Mammalian	Binding Assays; Blot overlay; Immunofluorescence	E protein	McFadden et al. (2008)
	CLEC5A		DENV, JEV, ZIKV	Mammalian, Insect	Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines; Immunofluorescence; Antibody blocking assay in cell lines and animal models; Flow cytometry	E protein	(Chen et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2012)
	mosGCTL-1/3/7		WNV, DENV, JEV	Insect	Genome-wide RNAi screening; RNAi assays; immunofluorescence; CO-IP	E protein	(Cheng et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2014, 2017a)
	TIM receptors	Phosphatidylserine receptors	DENV, WNV, JEV, ZIKV, YFV	Mammalian	Gain-of-function cDNA screening; Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell; Flow Cytometry; Antibody blocking assay; Immunofluorescence	E protein	(Hamel et al., 2015; Meertens et al., 2012; Niu et al., 2018)
	TAM receptors		DENV, ZIKV	Mammalian	Gain-of-function cDNA screen; RNAi assays; Infection assays in overexpression/knockout cell lines; Flow Cytometry; Antibody blocking assay; Immunofluorescence	E protein	(Meertens et al., 2012, 2017; Richard et al., 2017)
	CD300a		DENV, YFV	Mammalian	cDNA library screening; Infection assays in overexpressed cell lines; Flow Cytometry; RNAi assays; Antibody blocking assay	E protein	Carnec et al. (2016)
	Integrin αvβ3	Integrin family	WNV, JEV	Mammalian	VOPBA; Antibody blocking assay; RNAi assays; Immunofluorescence; Flow Cytometry	E protein	(Chu and Ng, 2004; Chu & Ng, 2004; Fan et al., 2017; Schmidt et al., 2013)
	Integrin αvβ5	Integrin family	ZIKV	Mammalian	CRISPR-Cas9 screening; Infection assays in knockout/overexpression cell lines assays; Immunofluorescence; Antibody blocking assay	Viral particle	Wang et al. (2020)
	HS/HSPG	Glycosaminoglycans	DENV, JEV, ZIKV, YFV	Mammalian	Binding assays; GAG-deficient cell infection assays; In vivo bioluminescence imaging; RNAi assays	E protein	(Gao et al., 2019; Germi et al., 2002; Okamoto et al., 2012; Su et al., 2001)
	37kDa/67 kDa Laminin receptor	High-affinity laminin receptor	DENV, JEV	Mammalian, Insect	VOPBA; Binding assays; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS); Antibody blocking assay	E protein	(Thepparit & Smith, 2004; Thongtan et al., 2012)
	GRP78/HSP70/90	Heat shock protein family	DENV, ZIKV, JEV	Mammalian, Insect	VOPBA; Cell heat shock assay; Antibody blocking assay; RNAi assays; Immunofluorescence; Immunolocalization	E protein	(Das et al., 2009; Hung et al., 2011; Pujhari et al., 2019; Reyes-del Valle et al., 2005)
	NKp44	Natural cytotoxicity receptor family	DENV, WNV	Mammalian	Elisa; Antibody blocking assay; Flow cytometry; Cytotoxicity assays	E protein	Hershkovitz et al. (2009)
	Prohibitin-1	Prohibitin family	DENV	Mammalian, Insect	VOPBA; RNAi assays; Antibody blocking assay; Immunofluorescence	E protein	(Kuadkitkan et al., 2010; Sharma et al., 2020)
	Claudin-1	Claudin family	DENV	Mammalian	Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening; Pull-down assays; RNAi assays	prM/M protein	Che et al. (2013)
	nLc4Cer/GM1a/GM3	Glycosphingolipid	DENV	Mammalian, Insect	TLC/virus-binding and TLC immunostaining assays; Confocal microscope imaging; MS analysis; ITC; RNAi assays	E protein	(Tantirimudalige et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2016; Wichit et al., 2011)
	NCAM1	NCAM family	ZIKV	Mammalian	Proximity labeling using chemical labeled ZIKV particles; LC–MS/MS analysis; Immunoprecipitation; CRISPR-Cas9 knockout assays; Immunofluorescence	Viral particle	Srivastava et al. (2020)
	LDLR	LDLR family	JEV	Mammalian	RNAi assays; CO-IP; Immunofluorescence; Antibody blocking assay; animal assays	E protein	Huang et al. (2021)
	Defensin/LRP2	Antimicrobial peptides	JEV	Insect	RNAi assays; Immunofluorescence; Antibody blocking assay	E protein	Liu et al. (2020)
	Vimentin	Intermediate filament protein	JEV	Mammalian	Entry blocking assays; Pull-down	E protein	(Zhang et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024)
	CD4/CD14	Transmembrane glycoprotein	JEV	Mammalian	VOPBA; Binding assays; LC-MS; Antibody blocking assay	E protein	(Thongtan et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2023)
	PLVAP/GKN3	Transmembrane glycoprotein/Gastrokine family	JEV	Mammalian	Pull down with 2-DE separation and MS; Infection assays in overexpression cell lines; RNAi assays; Antibody blocking assay; Immunofluorescence	E protein	Mukherjee et al. (2018)
Mosquito-Borne Alphaviruses	LDLRAD3	LDLR family	VEEV	Mammalian	CRISPR–Cas9 screening; Infection assays in knockout/overexpressed cell lines and animal models; Surface plasmon resonance; In vivo imaging; Cryo-EM; Site-directed mutagenesis	E2–E1 heterodimers	(Basore et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2020, 2021)
	VLDLR		SFV, EEEV, SINV	Mammalian, Insect	CRISPR-Cas9 screening; Infection assays in overexpressed cell lines; Entry blocking assays; Biolayer interferometry binding assays; Confocal microscopy; Cryo-EM	SFV E1 protein, EEEV E2 protein	(Adams et al., 2024; Cao et al., 2023; Clark et al., 2021)
	ApoER2		SFV, EEEV, SINV	Mammalian	CRISPR-Cas9 screening; Infection assays in knockout/overexpressed cell lines; Entry blocking assays; Binding assays; Confocal microscopy	Viral particle	Clark et al. (2021)
	LDLR		EEEV, WEEV, SFV, RRV, GETV, BEBV	Mammalian	Host membrane protein expression library screen; Infection assays in knockout/overexpression cell lines assays; Co-IP; Binding assays; Entry blocking assays	E1 and E2 proteins	(Ma et al., 2024; Zhai et al., 2024)
	MXRA8	Transmembrane glycoprotein	CHIKV, RRV, ONNV, MAYV, SINV, WEEV, GETV	Mammalian, Avian	CRISPR-Cas9 screening; Co-IP; Mass Spectrometry; Binding assays; Infection assays in knockout/overexpression cell lines and animal models; X-ray Crystallography; Cryo-EM	E1 and E2 proteins	(Basore et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2020; Song et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2018; Zimmerman et al., 2023)
	NRAMP/NRAMP2	NRAMP family	SINV	Mammalian, Insect	RNAi assays; Immunofluorescence	Viral particle	Rose et al. (2011)
	CD147	Transmembrane glycoprotein	EEEV, WEEV, SINV, CHIKV, RRV	Mammalian	CRISPR-Cas9 screening; CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and complement assays	E2 protein	De Caluwé et al. (2021)
	Prohibitin-1	Prohibitin family	CHIKV	Mammalian	2D-VOPBA; Antibody blocking assay; CO-IP; Immunofluorescence; RNAi assays	E2 protein	Wintachai et al. (2012)
	37kDa/67 kDa Laminin receptor	High-affinity laminin receptor	SINV, VEEV	Mammalian	Antibody blocking assay; Immunoprecipitation; Flow cytometry	E2 protein	(Malygin et al., 2009; Wang et al., 1992)
	TIM receptors	Phosphatidylserine receptors	CHIKV, RRV, SINV, EEEV	Mammalian	Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines; Antibody blocking assay; Single particle tracking; Confocal microscope imaging	E2 protein	(Kirui et al., 2021; Moller-Tank & Maury, 2014; Pierson et al., 2020)
	TAM receptors	Phosphatidylserine receptors C-type lectins	RRV, SINV	Mammalian	Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines; Entry blocking assays; Flow cytometry	Viral particle	(Pierson et al., 2020)
	CD300a		SINV	Mammalian	cDNA library screening; Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines	Viral particle	Carnec et al. (2016)
	DC-SIGN/L-SIGN		SINV	Mammalian, Insect	Flow cytometry; Immunofluorescence; Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines	E1 and E2 proteins	Klimstra et al. (2003)
	HS/HSPG	Glycosaminoglycans	SINV, CHIKV, SFV, RRV, EEEV, VEEV	Mammalian	Binding assays; Infection assays in HS/GAG-deficient cell lines; In vivo imaging	E2 protein	(Gardner et al., 2011; McAllister et al., 2020; Ryman et al., 2007; Smit et al., 2002)
	Integrin α1β1	Integrin family	RRV	Mammalian	Antibody blocking assay; Elisa	E2 protein	La Linn et al. (2005)
	ATP synthase β subunit	ATPase alpha/beta chains family	CHIKV	Insect	VOPBA; Mass Spectrometry; Antibody blocking assay; RNAi assays; Confocal microscope imaging	E2 protein	Fongsaran et al. (2014)
Mosquito-Borne Bunyaviruses	LRP1	LDLR family	RVFV, OROV	Mammalian	CRISPR-Cas9 screening; Infection assays in overexpression/knockout cell line assays; Antibody blocking assay; Biolayer interferometry binding assays; Immunofluorescence	Gn glycoproteins	(Ganaie et al., 2021; Schwarz et al., 2022)
	DC-SIGN/L-SIGN	C-type lectins	RVFV, LACV, OROV	Mammalian	Binding assays; Immunofluorescence; Infection assays in overexpressed non-permissive cell lines; Flow cytometry	Gn/Gc glycoproteins	(Léger et al., 2016; Lozach et al., 2011)
	HS/HSPG	Glycosaminoglycans	RVFV	Mammalian	Infection assays in HS/GAG-deficient cell lines; Immunofluorescence; Binding assays	Viral particle	(de Boer et al., 2012; Riblett et al., 2016)