April 2021

{:en} 21 April 2021, In the framework of Kartini Day, the Institute of Tropical Diseases recommends all staff and leaders to wear Indonesian traditional clothing. Not only that, it will be contested to be selected by the best women and men according to the jury. With the use of traditional clothing, he hopes that it can increase the motivation for the struggle to work to bring change for the better for this country as well as the heroes who struggle to bring about the best change for the motherland. One of them is Mrs. Raden Ayu Kartini, who is synonymous with the slogan “after dark, light rises”. Women’s traditional dress competition 1. Aldise mareta, 2. Mariana Novita J, 3. Yulyasri Yanagi, Meanwhile, Krisnoadi Rahardjo won the first prize, 2. Zakaria Pamoengkas, and 3. Abdul Hadi Furqoni. The prize was given directly by the head of the tropical disease institute represented by Prof. Fedik Abdul Rantam., DVM. {:}{:id}21 April 2021, Dalam rangka hari kartini, Lembaga Penyakit Tropis menganjurkan seluruh jajaran staf dan pimpinan untuk menggunakan pakaian adat indonesia. Tidak hanya itu, hal tersebut akan dilombakan untuk dipilih wanita dan pria yang terbaik menurut tim juri. Dengan penggunaan pakaian adat, harapannya bisa meningkatkan motivasi perjuangan dalam bekerja untuk membawa perubahan lebih baik untuk negeri ini seperti halnya para pahlawan yang berjuang untuk membawa perubahan yang terbaik untuk ibu pertiwi. Salah satunya adalah Ibu Raden Ayu Kartini yang identik dengan slogannya “habis gelap, terbitlah terang”. Perlombaan pakaian adat dari wanita juara 1. Aldise mareta, 2. Mariana Novita J, 3. Yulyasri Yanagi, Sedangkan pria untuk juara pertama dimenangkan oleh Krisnoadi Rahardjo, 2. Zakaria Pamoengkas, dan 3. Abdul Hadi Furqoni. Hadiah langsung diberikan oleh pimpinan lembaga penyakit tropis yang diwakili oleh Prof. Fedik Abdul Rantam., DVM.{:}

{:en}Tuesday, April 13, 2021, PT Avia Avian’s leadership and staff visited the Institute of Tropical Diseases. This visit was welcomed by the university, represented by the vice-chancellor I Prof. Dr. Dra. Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih, M.Si, Chairman of the Cooperation and Development Management Agency Dr. Drs. Eko Supeno, M.Si, Chairman of the Institute for Life Sciences, Engineering, and Engineering Andi Hamim Zaidan, M.Si, Ph.D. and also Prof. Maria Inge Lusida., M.Kes., Sp.MK (K), Ph.D. as Chair of the Institute of Tropical Diseases who was joined by the Covid-19 Research Team. This visit is a form of a prefix to introducing oneself and signing the cooperation which can later produce benefits both institutionally and nationally. After the signing, the PT Avia Avian team conducted direct cross-checks regarding the laboratory activities directly.{:}{:id}Selasa, 13 April 2021, Jajaran Pimpinan dan Staf PT Avia Avian berkunjung ke Lembaga Penyakit Tropis. Kunjungan ini disambut baik oleh pihak universitas yang diwakili oleh wakil rektor 1 Prof. Dr. Dra. Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih,. M.Si, Ketua Badan Kerjasama dan Manajemen Pengembangan Dr. Drs.Eko supeno,. M.Si, Ketua Lembaga Ilmu Hayati, Teknik dan Rekayasa Andi Hamim Zaidan, M.Si, Ph.D dan juga Prof. Maria Inge Lusida.,M.Kes., Sp.MK(K), Ph.D selaku Ketua Lembaga Penyakit Tropis yang di ikuti Tim Peneliti Covid-19. Kunjungan ini merupakan salah satu bentuk awalan saling mengenalkan diri dan melakukan penanda tanganan kerja sama yang nantinya dapat menghasilkan kebermanfaatan baik secara institusi maupun nasional. Setelah penanda tanganan, tim PT Avia Avian melakukan kroscek langsung terkait aktivitas laboratorium secara langsung.{:}

{:en}Imidazole compound derivatives are known to have several biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-fungal, anticancer, and antiviral. On the other hand, 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole is a very important compound in chemical organometallics, some of which can bind into DNA. This is an important factor for antibiotic exploration. Imidazole antibiotics are drugs that have been frequently used in human and veterinary medicine. Imidazole 2-aldoximes is one of the imidazole compounds reported by Skocibušic (2018) to have activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone from 12.4 ± 0.71 to 21.8 ± 0.9 mm. In addition, the importance of metal ions in the vital functions of living organisms, from mammals to bacteria, is well known. They are incorporated into the enzymes and co-factors needed for many kinds of life processes. Copper is the basic component for various forms of organic compounds, found in various enzymes, cytochrome C oxidase, superoxide containing Cu-Zn dismutase enzyme, and the central metal in the oxygen-carrying hemocyanin pigment. In general, the synthesized complex compounds have higher biological activity than free ligands or organic compounds. Metal complexes excessively aggravate the respiratory process of cells and increase protein fusion, limiting the development of their cultures. In this study, the azomethine (-C = N-) relationship in the synthesized complex exhibits broad natural action due to the expansion of the liposolubility molecules of microorganisms across the cell membrane. Copper complexes have become an important focus in efforts to explore biological activity because many biological processes involve metal ions. Recently, copper (II) complex compounds with 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole were reported in previous studies to have biological activity such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, and serotype 2 dengue virus. antibacterial activity by in vitro methods, especially for non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Because in previous studies the inhibitory effect on uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) was less sensitive to nitric oxide than non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Copper (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole and CuCl2.2H2O were tested for anti-Escherichia coli activity by McFarland standards. This study used the disk diffusion method with various concentrations, 50 mg / ml, 75 mg / ml, 125 mg / ml, 250 mg / ml, and 500 mg / ml. The results of the investigation were compared with Dimethylformamide as negative control and expressed in mm. Based on the growth inhibition zone of Escherichia coli in this study, when the concentration of the compound increases, the inhibition zone will also increase. In general, CuCl2.2H2O showed a better inhibitory effect than copper (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole complexes which inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli in the range of 10.57-27.16 mm. In previous studies, the CuCl2.2H2O cytotoxicity value in Vero cells was 5.03 µg / ml and the copper (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole complex was 44.74 µg / ml. Free metals have a greater polarization than complex compounds because they contain more electrons and free metals produce more water-soluble ions. This causes CuCl2.2H2O to be more toxic because there are more free metal ions in the medium, so that it damages the cell wall faster than the copper (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole complex compound which has high stability. Author : Teguh Hari Sucipto, Wahyu Setyarini, Fahimah Martak, Dadik Raharjo Source : news.unair.ac.id Translator : Ausie{:}{:id}Turunan senyawa Imidazol diketahui memiliki beberapa aktivitas biologis, seperti antibakteri, antijamur,antikanker,dan antivirus. Di sisi lain, 2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol adalah senyawa yang sangat penting dalam organologam kimia, yang beberapa kompleksnya dapat berikatan dengan DNA. Hal ini adalah factor penting untuk eksplorasi antibiotik. Antibiotik Imidazole adalah obat yang telah sering digunakan dalam pengobatan manusia dan hewan. Imidazol 2-aldoximes adalah salah satu turunan senyawa imidazol yang telah dilaporkan oleh Skocibušic (2018) mempunyai aktivitas terhadap Escherichia coli dengan zona penghambatan dari 12,4 ± 0,71 sampai 21,8 ± 0,9 mm. Selain itu, pentingnya ion logam dalam fungsi vital organisme makhluk hidup, dari mamalia hingga bakteri, telah dikenal luas. Mereka dimasukkan ke dalam enzim dan kofaktor yang dibutuhkan untuk berbagai jenis proses kehidupan. Tembaga adalah komponen dasar untuk berbagai bentuk senyawa organik, ditemukan dalam bermacam-macam enzim, oksidase sitokrom C, superoksida yang mengandung Cu-Zn enzim dismutase, dan logam pusat di dalam pigmen hemosianin pembawa oksigen. Secara umum, senyawa kompleks hasil sintesis memiliki aktivitas biologis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ligan bebas atau senyawa organiknya. Logam kompleks secara berlebihan memperburuk proses pernapasan sel dan meningkatkan fusi protein, serta membatasi perkembangan biakannya. Dalam studi ini, hubungan azomethine (-C=N-) di dalam kompleks yang disintesis menampilkan aksi alami yang luas karena perluasan molekul liposolubilitas mikroorganisme melintasi membran sel. Kompleks tembaga telah menjadi fokus penting dalam upaya eksplorasi aktivitas biologis karena banyak proses biologis melibatkan ion logam. Baru-baru ini, senyawa kompleks tembaga (II) dengan 2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol dilaporkan pada penelitian sebelumnya memiliki aktivitas biologis seperti kanker payudara, kanker servik, dan virus dengue serotipe 2. Namun, dalam penelitian ini terfokus pada aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode in vitro, terutama untuk strain Escherichia coli non-patogenik. Karena pada penelitian sebelumnya efek penghambatan pada uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) kurang sensitif terhadap oksida nitrat dibandingkan strain non-patogen Escherichia coli. Tembaga(II)-2,4,5-trifenyl-1H-imidazol dan CuCl2.2H2O diuji untuk aktivitas anti-Escherichia coli dengan standar McFarland. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi disk dengan variasi konsentrasi, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, dan 500 mg/ml. Hasil investigasi dibandingkan dengan Dimetilformamida sebagai kontrol negatif dan dinyatakan dalam mm. Berdasarkan zona hambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli pada penelitian ini, ketika konsentrasi senyawa meningkat, maka zona hambat akan meningkat pula. Secara umum, CuCl2.2H2O menunjukkan efek inhibitor yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan senyawa kompleks tembaga(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan kisaran 10,57-27,16 mm. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, nilai sitotoksisitas CuCl2.2H2O pada sel Vero sebesar 5,03 µg/ml dan senyawa kompleks tembaga(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol sebesar 44,74 µg/ml. Logam bebas memiliki polarisasi yang lebih besar daripada senyawa kompleks karena mengandung lebih banyak elektron dan logam bebas menghasilkan lebih banyak ion yang larut air. Hal ini menyebabkan CuCl2.2H2O menjadi lebih toksik karena ion logam bebas dalam medium lebih banyak, sehingga merusak dinding sel lebih cepat daripada senyawa kompleks tembaga(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol yang memiliki stabilitas tinggi. Penulis: Teguh Hari Sucipto, Wahyu Setyarini, Fahimah Martak, Dadik Raharjo Sumber : news.unair.ac.id{:}

{:en}The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the health systems around the world. Since it was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019, COVID-19 has spread to 219 countries in the world, and infected 126,890,643 people, and caused 2,778,619 deaths as of March 29, 2021. Indonesia is a country with the highest cases in Southeast Asia, with 1,476,452 cases and 39,893 deaths. Before the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization has classified several diseases as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). There are 20 diseases that are grouped into NTDs, named Chagas disease, dengue, chikungunya, yaws, dracunculiasis, trypanosomiasis, leprosy, onchocerciasis, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths, trachoma, buruli ulcers, echinococci taeniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, and snake bites. Neglected tropical diseases in Indonesia that controlled by the Ministry of Health are leprosy, filariasis, yaws, soil-transmitted helminths / STHs, and schistosomiasis. Based on the five diseases, there are some challenges and hopes in controlling each of these diseases. The management of leprosy in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia including: 1) co-infection between COVID-19 and leprosy which has been reported in several countries in the world, but has not been reported in Indonesia; 2) increasing bad stigma against patients with leprosy co-infection and COVID-19; 3) access to the health system is still limited due to the priorities for COVID-19 patients; 4) poverty and limited practice of clean and healthy living habits. The Indian Dermatological Association provides several recommendations regarding leprosy management in the pandemic era, which are: 1) advocacy by health workers for leprosy patients to adopt clean and healthy living habits (PHBS); 2) leprosy patients still adhere to the therapeutic rules as recommended; 3) leprosy patients are registered for multi-drug therapy; 4) some patients with leprosy are at risk of being infected with COVID-19, including those who are undergoing treatment with corticosteroids; 5) damage to the nervous system in leprosy patients can lead to the formation of lesions (especially in the eyes, feet, and hands), dry and deformed skin. Filariasis is a group of diseases caused by roundworms / nematodes, of the species Wuchereria bancrofti¸ Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori and transmitted through mosquito bites of the genus Culex. Mosquitoes from the genus Culex are the main vectors, but there are also reports of the transmission of filariasis by mosquitoes from other genera, namely Aedes, Anopheles, and Mansonia. Data from the Indonesian Health Profile in 2019 shows that there are still cases of filariasis, which are as many as 592 new cases. The highest number of cases was found in Papua, followed by the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara, East Java, West Papua, and Aceh. The main method to control filariasis is mass drug administration in communities at risk. When the COVID-19 pandemic, several mass treatment agendas were postponed, so the achievement of the target set by the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was delayed, MDA evaluation studies in Indonesia were also still limited, some community groups at risk were also reluctant to carry out continuous treatment because of discomfort, so that the elimination program has not been maximum. Campaigns related to the use of insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent mosquito bites are also being carried out by health workers in risky areas. Yaws / yaws is a contagious disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue. This bacterial infection can cause damage to the bones and skin. The group that is susceptible to this infection is the age group of 15 years, and mostly found in the age range of 6 to 10 years. There are 18 provinces that report cases of yaws, which are scattered in Papua, Maluku, East Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi. The prevalence of yaws in 2019 is 0.9 per 10,000 population. The challenges for yaws control in Indonesia are the lack of surveillance and case tracking, late reporting of cases, and unsustainable surveillance systems. Soil-transmitted helminths are infectious diseases that are still a burden for several countries in the Southeast Asian region. The challenges for controlling STHs in Indonesia are 1) inconsistency in monitoring the control program; 2) expanding the coverage of chemotherapy in risk groups; 3) possible emergence of drug resistance; 4) and weak diagnostic methods. During the COVID-19 pandemic era, there was a possibility of co-infection of STHs patients with COVID-19 so that it required special treatment. Mass treatment for communities at risk also experiences delays, due to disrupted drug distribution. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma. There are two types of schistosomiasis; intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis, caused by the species Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, and Schistosoma japonicum. Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is caused by Schistosoma japonicum which is spread in Asian countries, such as China, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia. Schistosomiasis eradication in Indonesia requires the collaboration of various sectors such as health workers, government, and society, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic, where access to the health system is limited. Based on the description above, Indonesia still has several problems related to NTDs control, especially in COVID-19 pandemic. The literature review in this article concludes that Indonesian government can strengthen efforts to control NTDs in various ways, including collaboration with the community for the discovery of new cases, introducing gadger-based applications for detecting and monitoring of patient progress. Increasing testing, tracing, and treatment for COVID-19 also needs to be done, so that the transmission of COVID-19 in the community can be minimized. If the transmission of COVID-19 can be minimized, then detection and control of NTDs can be optimized. Author : Shifa Fauziyah, Teguh Hari Sucipto, etc. Source : news.unair.ac.id Translator : Ausie{:}{:id}Pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) telah membawa dampak yang signifikan bagi tatanan sistem kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Sejak ditemukan di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, China pada tanggal 31 Desember 2019, COVID-19 telah menyebar ke 219 negara di dunia, dan menginfeksi sebanyak 126.890.643 orang dan menyebabkan kematian sebanyak 2.778.619 per tanggal 29 Maret 2021. Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan kasus tertinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara, yaitu sebanyak 1.476.452