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{:en} Dengue fever (DHF) is a viral infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes in subtropical and tropical areas. About 350 million cases are reported globally and more than 2.5 billion people are at high risk. Indonesia is a tropical country and home to the dengue virus vector mosquitoes (DENV), Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus. This infection is caused by four DENV serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Until now, there is no effective antiviral for dengue disease. However, vaccination has now been tested in many endemic countries including Indonesia and has not yet produced a suitable solution. On the other hand, Indonesia is a large country in Southeast Asia and has the highest diversity of plants in the world. There are more than 5,000 medicinal plants available around us. Consequently, medicinal plants are used by residents to cure various diseases. Medicinal plants for antiviral compounds were found, such as Amaryllidaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and many other plants. However, there is no effective antiviral or vaccine available for dengue. Currently, the use of traditional herbal medicine to treat various diseases is increasing globally. Medicinal plants are a potential source for the development of new antiviral drugs. Plants produce variants of chemical composition that have the potential to prevent viral replication and allow resources to control viral infections. Plants have been described as having antiviral activity in humans and animals. In addition, members of the family Annonaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Caricaceae, Meliaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Halymeniaceae, Piperaceae, and many other families have been reported as antiviral against dengue. Srikaya leaves contain several active ingredients such as phytosterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins which have therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic. However, there are no reports of srikaya leaves having antiviral effects against DENV. Therefore, our research aims to investigate the effectiveness of srikaya leaves against DENV-2 isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013. Interestingly, in our study using the DENV-2 isolate (NCBI: KT012513), it was obtained from a previous study conducted by the Dengue team of the Institute of Tropical Diseases, Airlangga University. Furthermore, DENV-2 has a higher disease severity ratio than other serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4) in Brazil. Recently, secondary infection with DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 increases the risk of severe dengue infection in Southeast Asia. A study also states that in vitro proliferation of DENV-2 has been standardized. In addition, we made molecular phylogenetic modeling and tree visualization by applying Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X (MEGA X) software to the maximum likelihood method based on the envelope glycoprotein genes from Indonesia and other countries. Phylogenetic trees were validated by analyzing the Tamura-Nei model. We found that srikaya leaves inhibited DENV-2 in Vero cells with IC50: 73.78 μg / mL, CC50: 331.54 μg / mL, and SI: 4.49. Furthermore, we tested srikaya leaves at various concentrations and we observed that low srikaya leaves showed a cytotoxic effect at all concentrations evaluated (viability> 50%). In this study, various extract concentrations were used, namely 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg / mL. srikaya leaves showed decreased DENV-2 replication, at the lowest concentration (6.25 µg / mL) showed anti-DENV-2 activity. Our findings suggest that srikaya leaves exhibit consequential antiviral action against DENV-2 in Vero cells. In addition, this study suggests that the main antiviral activity of srikaya leaves is possible as a result of its action on the intracellular virus replication stage replacing the initial stages of its replication sequence such as virus entry. Nevertheless, a complete framework of activity must be found for anti-DENV treatment. Further investigations may apply a suitable model, for example cultured human cells. Previously, it was revealed that the cytotoxic effect of srikaya leaf chitosan-based nanoparticles against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 344.48 μg / mL. Although there have been many studies on the biological effects of srikaya leaves, only two reports have shown an antiviral effect against HIV and avian influenza viruses. The extract inhibition mechanism is carried out by disrupting adherence and reducing viral replication. These flavonoids are thought to have a mechanism to interfere with viral replication by inhibiting an enzyme in the virus which results in the synthesis of viral RNA blockade. This research helps form new antiviral discoveries from bioactive compositions which are indispensable to produce antiviral drugs with better efficacy and non-toxicity. Authors: Teguh Hari Sucipto, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, et al. Source: news.unair.ac.id   {:}{:id}Penyakit demam berdarah (DBD) adalah penyakit infeksi virus yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk di daerah subtropis dan tropis. Sekitar 350 juta kasus dilaporkan secara global dan lebih dari 2,5 miliar orang berisiko tinggi. Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dan rumah bagi nyamuk vektor jenis virus dengue (DENV), Aedes aegypti, dan Aedes albopictus. Infeksi ini disebabkan oleh empat serotipe DENV (DENV-1 hingga DENV-4) yang termasuk dalam famili Flaviviridae. Sampai saat ini, belum ada antivirus yang efektif untuk penyakit dengue. Namun, vaksinasi kini telah diujicobakan di banyak negara endemik termasuk Indonesia dan masih belum menghasilkan sebuah solusi yang tepat. Di sisi lain, Indonesia merupakan negara besar di Asia Tenggara dan memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang tinggi di dunia. Ada lebih dari 5.000 tanaman obat yang tersedia di sekitar kita. Konsekuensinya, tanaman obat dimanfaatkan oleh penduduknya dalam menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit. Ditemukan tanaman obat untuk senyawa antivirus, seperti Amaryllidaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, dan banyak tanaman lainnya. Namun, tidak ada antivirus atau vaksin yang efektif tersedia untuk penyakit DBD. Saat ini, penggunaan jamu tradisional untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit semakin meningkat secara global. Tanaman obat merupakan sumber potensial untuk pengembangan obat antivirus baru. Tanaman menghasilkan varian komposisi kimia yang berpotensi mencegah replikasi virus dan sumber daya yang memungkinkan untuk mengendalikan infeksi virus. Tumbuhan telah dijelaskan memiliki aktivitas antivirus pada manusia dan hewan. Selain itu, anggota famili Annonaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Caricaceae, Meliaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Halymeniaceae, Piperaceae, dan banyak famili lainnya telah dilaporkan sebagai antivirus dengue. Daun srikaya mengandung beberapa bahan aktif seperti fitosterol, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, glikosida, senyawa fenolik, dan tanin yang memiliki sifat terapeutik seperti antikanker, antioksidan, antidiabetes, antimikroba, antivirus,

{:en} Monday, March 8, 2021, the Institute of Tropical Disease held a handover of the position of head of the Tropical Diease Diagnostic Center service. This event was attended by several leaders of the Institute of Tropical Disease Like Prof. MARIA LUCIA INGE LUSIDA dr., M.Kes., Ph.D., SpMK , Prof. Dr. FEDIK ABDUL RANTAM drh. and representatives of the Tropical Diease Diagnostic Center (TDDC). The handover was carried out by dr. Naritha Vermasari., Sp.MK., to dr. Alicia Margareta Widya., MkedKlin, Sp. Mk. {:}{:id}senin, 8 maret 2021, Lembaga penyakit Tropis mengadakan serah terima jabatan ketua pelayanan Tropical Diease Diagnostic Center. Acara ini dihadiri oleh beberapa pimpinan Lembaga Penyakit Tropis seperti Prof. MARIA LUCIA INGE LUSIDA dr., M.Kes., Ph.D., SpMK , Prof. Dr. FEDIK ABDUL RANTAM drh. dan perwakilan Tropical Diease Diagnostic Center (TDDC). Penyerahan dilakukan oleh dr. Naritha Vermasari., Sp.MK., kepada dr. Alicia Margareta Widya., MkedKlin, Sp. Mk.{:}

{:en}Balur therapy is a method used to remove toxins in the form of free radicals present in the human body. Balur is a Javanese medicinal method that has been developed to improve the quality of life. Balur uses natural ingredients as free radical scavenging and components of aromatic chemical compounds such as amino acids and other aromatic compounds. The body of a person undergoing the balur therapy must lie on a copper plate and this therapy is believed to have the potential to reduce or inhibit the effects of inflammation in the body. Balur 1 coffee contains caffeine and aspirin, in the process of using caffeine which is a heterocyclic alkaloid in the methylxanthine group, and by definition means an organic compound containing nitrogen with a two-ring or dual-cyclic structure. Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (acetosal) is a type of drug that is often used as an analgesic compound (pain or pain barrier), antipyretic (fever medicine), and anti-inflammatory (inflammatory drug). Inflammation is an immune response to local tissues caused by injury or damage caused by certain factors, which function to destroy, reduce infectious agents that damage tissue and play a role in the regeneration process of the injured tissue. Previous researchers have explained the benefits of traditional medicine, namely Balur using coffee 1 for handling cases of inflammation in the human body, but the mechanism of interaction of chemical compounds in coffee 1 against pro-inflammatory proteins in the human body is not certain. This study aims to identify the molecular mechanism of the caffeine-aspirin interaction contained in coffee 1 as an anti-inflammatory agent, and to model the 3D structure of proinflammatory agent proteins in the human body through a computational approach. Based on this study, it was explained that the caffeine-aspirin ligand complex contained in Balur 1 coffee has the potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in the human body, through the binding and inhibition mechanism of pro-inflammatory protein biological activity, these proteins consist of PTGS1, PTGS2, and ADOR2A, each composed of a tertiary structure consisting of 1 and 2 chains. Source : news.unair.ac.id Authors: Viol Dhea Kharisma, Teguh Hari Sucipto, et al. Detailed information about this scientific article can be seen at: Article Title: Molecular Mechanism of Caffeine-Aspirin Interaction in Kopi Balur 1 as Anti-Inflammatory Agent: A Computational Study https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijfmt/article/view / 12274 {:}{:id} Terapi balur merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk mengeluarkan racun yang berupa radikal bebas yang terdapat dalam tubuh manusia.  Balur merupakan metode pengobatan dari Jawa yang telah dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas hidup. Balur menggunakan bahan alam sebagai free radical scavenging dan komponen senyawa kimia aromatik seperti asam amino dan senyawa aromatik lainnya. Tubuh seseorang yang menjalani terapi balur harus berbaring di atas lempengan tembaga dan terapi ini sekaligus dipercaya berpotensi meredakan atau menghambat efek inflamasi dalam tubuh. Kopi balur 1 mengandung kafein dan aspirin, dalam proses balur menggunakan kafein yang merupakan sejenis alkaloid heterosiklik dalam golongan methylxanthine, dan menurut definisi berarti senyawa organik yang mengandung nirogen dengan struktur dua-cincin atau dual-siklik. Aspirin atau asam asetilsalisilat (asetosal) merupakan sejenis obat yang sering digunakan sebagai senyawa analgesik (penahan rasa sakit atau nyeri), antipiretik (obat demam), dan antiinflamasi (obat peradangan). Inflamasi merupakan respons imunitas pada jaringan setempat yang ditimbulkan oleh cedera atau kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor tertentu, yang berfungsi menghancurkan, mengurangi agen infeksius yang merusak jaringan maupun berperan dalam proses regenerasi jaringan yang mengalami cedera tersebut. Peneliti sebelumnya telah menjelasakan manfaat pengobatan tradisional yaitu Balur menggunakan kopi 1 untuk penanganan kasus inflamasi dalam tubuh manusia, namun mekanisme interaksi kandungan senyawa kimia dalam kopi 1 terhadap protein pro-inflamasi dalam tubuh manusia belum diketahui secara pasti. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi mekanisme molekuler interaksi kafein-aspirin yang terkandung dalam kopi 1 berperan sebagai agen antiinflamasi, dan pemodelan struktur 3D protein agen proinflamasi dalam tubuh manusia melalui pendekatan komputasi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dijelaskan bahwa kompleks ligan kafein-aspirin yang terkandung dalam kopi balur 1 berpotensi sebagai agen anti-inflamasi dalam tubuh manusia, yang itu melalui mekanisme pengikatan dan penghambatan aktivitas biologi protein pro-inflamasi, protein-protein tersebut terdiri atas PTGS1, PTGS2, dan ADOR2A, masing-masing tersusun atas struktur tersier yang terdiri atas 1 serta 2 rantai. Sumber : news.unair.ac.id Penulis: Viol Dhea Kharisma, Teguh Hari Sucipto, dkk. Informasi detail tentang artikel ilmiah ini dapat dilihat di: Judul Artikel: Molecular Mechanism of Caffeine-Aspirin Interaction in Kopi Balur 1 as Anti-Inflammatory Agent: A Computational Study https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijfmt/article/view/12274 {:}

{:en}Aedes sp. is a mosquito that can act as a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This mosquito contains the dengue virus (DENV) which comes from the blood of people with dengue fever. Dengue virus consists of four types of serotypes, namely DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector causing DHF, while Aedes albopictus is a secondary vector causing DHF. The adult Aedes albopictus mosquito is characterized by a basic black color with white patches on the body and legs. These white spots are actually scales attached to the outside of the mosquito’s body. On the back chest (mesonotum) of Aedes aegypti there are white curved lines left and right, and in the middle there are two longitudinal white lines that resemble a harp instrument while Aedes albopictus has only one white line. In this report, we observe the presence of Dengue virus in Aedes albopictus from the area of ​​the Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga. Our observations started from mosquito identification, RNA preparation and extraction, RNA purity testing with Nanodrop Spectrophotometer, converting RNA to cDNA with the Reverse Transcriptase enzyme, DNA amplification with the Polymerase Chain Reaction method using Lanciotti et al 1992 primers, electrophoresis, and DNA visualization with UV transilluminators. The mosquitoes that were collected were identified as female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes based on microscopic observation, there was a thick white line on the mesonotum without two curved lines and the antennae were like threads with short hair. DNA visualization amplified by UV transilluminators showed that there was a band containing dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). This is consistent with previous research in 2013, DENV-3 emerged when DENV-1 became the most cases during 2008-2013. It has been predicted that DENV-3 will emerge next year. In fact, it turned out that DENV-3 did become an epidemic in 2013-2016. This suggests the possibility that our newly discovered DENV-2 could become an epidemic in the future. So that this research can be used as an effort to help health workers to monitor and get ready for the eradication of the outbreak in the future. Authors: Teguh Hari Sucipto, Shifa Fauziyah, Aulia Azzahra, Lucky Vera Oktavia, Muhammad Fariz Naviyanto, et al. Source : news.unair.ac.id The complete article can be seen at the following link: http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/article_abstract.php?aid=10885&iid=320&jid=3 (Preliminary Study of Dengue Virus Serotype on Aedes Mosquitoes in Endemic Area, Surabaya, Indonesia, January 2020){:}{:id}Aedes sp. merupakan nyamuk yang dapat berperan sebagai vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Nyamuk ini mengandung virus dengue (DENV) yang berasal dari darah penderita demam berdarah. Virus dengue terdiri dari empat jenis serotipe yaitu DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 dan DENV-4. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor utama penyebab DBD sedangkan Aedes albopictus adalah vektor sekunder penyebab DBD. Nyamuk Aedes albopictus dewasa memiliki ciri-ciri berwarna hitam dasar dengan bercak putih pada badan dan kaki. Bintik putih ini sebenarnya adalah sisik menempel di bagian luar tubuh nyamuk. Di dada punggung (mesonotum) Aedes aegypti terdapat garis lengkung putih kiri dan kanan, serta di ditengahnya ada dua garis putih memanjang yang menyerupai instrumen harpa sedangkan Aedes albopictus hanya memiliki satu garis putih. Dalam laporan ini, kami mengamati keberadaannya virus Dengue di Aedes albopictus dari area Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga. Pengamatan kami dimulai dari identifikasi nyamuk, preparasi dan ekstraksi RNA, uji kemurnian RNA dengan Nanodrop Spektrofotometer, mengubah RNA menjadi cDNA dengan enzim Reverse Transcriptase, Amplifikasi DNA dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction menggunakan primer Lanciotti dkk 1992, elektroforesis, dan visualisasi DNA dengan UV transilluminator. Nyamuk yang berhasil dikumpulkan diidentifikasi sebagai nyamuk Aedes albopictus betina berdasarkan pengamatan dengan mikroskop terdapat satu garis putih tebal pada mesonotumnya tanpa dua garis lengkung dan antenanya seperti benang dengan rambut pendek. Visualisasi DNA hasil amplifikasi oleh transilluminator UV menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pita mengandung virus dengue serotipe 2 (DENV-2). Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian sebelumnya pada 2013, DENV-3 muncul ketika DENV-1 menjadi kasus terbanyak selama 2008-2013. Sudah diprediksi bahwa DENV-3 akan berjangkit tahun depan. Nyatanya, ternyata DENV-3 benar-benar menjadi sebuah wabah di 2013-2016. Ini menunjukkan kemungkinan bahwa DENV-2 yang baru kami temukan bisa menjadi wabah di masa depan. Sehingga penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai upaya membantu petugas kesehatan untuk memantau dan bersiap-siap untuk pemberantasan wabah tersebut di masayang akan datang. Sumber : news.unair.ac.id Penulis: Teguh Hari Sucipto, Shifa Fauziyah, Aulia Azzahra, Lucky Vera Oktavia, Muhammad Fariz Naviyanto,  dkk. Artikel selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada link berikut: http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/article_abstract.php?aid=10885&iid=320&jid=3 (Preliminary Study of Dengue Virus Serotype on Aedes Mosquitoes in Endemic Area, Surabaya, Indonesia, January 2020){:}

{:en} December 22, 2020, IDI East Java is collaborating with ITD, it is hoped that this cooperation agreement can strengthen togetherness in facing Covid-19, especially health workers who are members of IDI East Java who will later be assisted by ITD UNAIR for PCR Swab examinations. The event was attended by the chairman of the East Java IDI and his staff as well as several ITD representatives {:}{:id}22 Desember 2020, Pihak IDI JAtim melakukan kerja sama dengan ITD, harapannya dengan kesepakatan kerja sama ini bisa menjalin erat kebersamaan dalam menghadapi Covid-19 terutama pihak tenaga kesehatan yang tergabung di IDI Jatim yang nantinya akan dibantu oleh ITD UNAIR untuk pemeriksaan Swab PCR. Pada acara tersebut dihadiri oleh ketua IDI Jatim dan jajarannya serta beberapa perwakilan ITD{:}

{:en} December 21, 2020, ITD won the trust of Ar Rohmah Islamic boarding school and PPDS Universitas Airlangga to carry out student swab work. The number is almost hundreds, so it needs to be divided by several days to adjust the location and also the health protocol rules. They hope that when they return to the boarding school and this young PPDS UNAIR doctor, they will be assigned a negative assignment in a regional area. Source Picture : www.google.com {:}{:id}21 Desember 2020, ITD mendapatkan kepercayaan dari pondok pesantren Ar rohmah dan PPDS Universitas Airlangga untuk melakukan swab pcr murid-muridnya. Jumlahnya pun hampir ratusan sehingga perlu dibagi beberapa hari untuk menyesuaikan tempat dan juga aturan protokol kesehatan. Mereka mengharapakan agar murid-muridnya ini ketika kembali ke pondok dan dokter muda PPDS UNAIR ini mendapatkan penempatan tugas di daerah daerah dalam keadaan negatif. {:}

{:en} Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant pathogen that appears worldwide as a cause of infectious diseases. DENV is transmitted to humans via female mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the world in dengue fever endemic areas around the world. Dengue fever occurred for the first time as an outbreak in Surabaya and Jakarta in 1968. Much effort has been made to prevent and treat DENV infection, and clinical trials of a number of vaccines are currently underway. DENV antiviral testing is an important alternative for drug characterization and development. Complex compounds are formed as a result of the reaction of metal and organic complexes. The complex compound can be used as an anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral antimicrobial. Ion Zn2 ​​+ can be used as an antivirus candidate. The aim of this study was to investigate zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole compounds which were further tested for their inhibitory effect on DENV-2 replication in cell culture. DENV replication was measured by antiviral activity test and cytotoxicity test. The inhibitory activity of zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole complex was determined by Viral ToxGloTM Assay. The cytotoxicity of the zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole complex was determined by the CellTiter96® AQuoeus test. Meanwhile, to determine the reduction in DENV replication ability due to the effect of these compounds, it can be seen through the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole against dengue virus type-2 was 34.42 μg / ml. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the compound against Vero cells was <100 μg / ml. The results of this study indicated the inhibitory activity of investigated serotype 2 antidengue of zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole and its high toxicity in Vero cells. Further studies are not needed before investigations of zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole can be applied in the treatment of DENV-2 infection. The stability of the complex is highly dependent on the metal ion and its ligands. As for metal ions (M2 +), Zn (II) is more unstable so that the Zn (II) complex produces more water-soluble ions. This effect causes these complex compounds to become more toxic, because there are more Zn2 + levels in the medium environment so that they can damage the cell walls faster than complex compounds with high stability such as Cu (II), Mn (II), and Co (II). Based on the results of the amplified DNA electrophoresis, it can be seen that the higher the concentration of zinc (II) -2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole complexes used to treat DENV-2 in Vero cells shows a thinner band compared to the smallest concentration. . This means that the amount of DENV-2 at high concentrations cannot replicate well. Author: Teguh Hari Sucipto, et al Source : news.unair.ac.id {:}{:id}Virus Dengue (DENV) adalah patogen signifikan yang muncul di seluruh dunia sebagai penyebab penyakit menular. DENV ditransmisikan ke manusia melalui nyamuk betina dari spesies Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara terbesar di dunia di daerah endemik demam berdarah di seluruh dunia. Demam berdarah terjadi untuk pertama kalinya sebagai wabah di Surabaya dan Jakarta pada tahun 1968. Banyak upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengobati infeksi DENV, dan uji klinis sejumlah vaksin saat ini sedang berlangsung. Pengujian antivirus DENV adalah alternatif penting untuk karakterisasi dan pengembangan obat. Senyawa kompleks terbentuk sebagai hasil dari reaksi kompleks logam dan organik. Senyawa kompleks dapat digunakan sebagai anti-inflamasi, antimikroba antijamur, antibakteri, antivirus. Ion Zn2+ dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat antivirus. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki senyawa seng(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol yang diuji lebih lanjut untuk efek penghambatan pada replikasi DENV-2 dalam kultur sel. Replikasi DENV diukur dengan uji aktivitas antivirus dan uji sitotoksisitas. Aktivitas penghambatan senyawa kompleks seng(II)-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol ditentukan dengan Viral ToxGloTM Assay. Sitotoksisitas senyawa kompleks seng(II)-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol ditentukan dengan uji CellTiter96® AQuoeus. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui berkurangnya kemampuan replikasi DENV akibat efek dari senyawa tersebut dapat diketahui melalui metode Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Konsentrasi penghambatan (IC50) seng(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol terhadap virus dengue tipe-2 adalah 34,42 μg/ml. Konsentrasi sitotoksik (CC50) senyawa terhadap sel Vero adalah <100 μg/ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan serotipe 2 antidengue dari seng(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol yang diteliti dan toksisitasnya yang tinggi dalam sel Vero. Studi lebih lanjut tidak diperlukan sebelum investigasi seng(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol dapat diterapkan dalam pengobatan infeksi DENV-2. Stabilitas kompleks sangat bergantung pada ion logam dan ligannya. Sedangkan untuk ion logam (M2+), Zn(II) lebih tidak stabil sehingga kompleks Zn(II) menghasilkan lebih banyak ion yang larut dalam air. Efek ini menyebabkan senyawa kompleks ini menjadi lebih toksik, karena kadar Zn2+ dalam lingkungan medium lebih banyak sehingga dapat merusak dinding sel lebih cepat daripada senyawa kompleks yang memiliki stabilitas tinggi seperti Cu(II), Mn(II), dan Co(II). Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis DNA hasil amplifikasi dapat diketahui bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi senyawa kompleks seng(II)-2,4,5-trifenil-1H-imidazol yang digunakan untuk treatmen terhadap DENV-2 pada sel Vero menunjukkan pita yang lebih tipis dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi terkecil. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa jumlah DENV-2 pada konsentrasi tinggi tidak dapat bereplikasi dengan baik. Penulis: Teguh Hari Sucipto, dkk Source : news.unair.ac.id{:}

{:en} Dengue virus (DENV) is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, transmitted by the vector mosquito Aedes sp. Infection with four serotypes of DENV-1 to 4. Indonesia, cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) were first discovered in 1968 in the cities of Jakarta and Surabaya. Indonesia annually has experienced around 100,000 cases of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DBD) which were reported in recent years. However, dengue virus epidemiological surveys (DENV) are still limited in this country. In Surabaya, the second largest city, a report shows that the dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) was the most dominant virus circulating in 2003-2005. In 2007, we started DENV surveillance in Surabaya supported by the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Disease (J-GRID) program to establish the Indonesia-Kobe University Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CRC-ERID). We found that the dominance of DENV shifted from type 2 to type 1 between October and November 2008. Another survey using mosquitoes caught in the wild in April 2009 confirmed that dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) was the dominant type in Surabaya at that time. . Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the complete envelope gene DENV-1 showed that all 22 selected isolates were included in genotype IV and 17 selected isolates were included in genotype I. Furthermore, in December 2010, the isolates were grouped into a new DENV-1 genotype I clade, showing a shift clade between September and December 2010. From January 2011 to December 2011, only DENV-1 genotype IV was isolated, indicating that the genotype shift occurred again from GI to GIV. In January 2012, the GI and GIV strains began to circulate, which continued until June 2013. After July 2013, the DENV-1 strains were not isolated and replaced with DENV-2. In 2013, we also isolated the DENV-3 genotype I line which has the potential to cause endemic outbreaks in Surabaya. It is possible that DENV-3 is already forming in the population and will replace the currently circulating strains, leading to an increase in the incidence and number of severe dengue cases. In 2014 in Bogor, we reported a DENV-1 genome sequence that was phylogenetically close to the plague strain in Japan. These findings suggest that the Southeast Asian region was the source of the original dengue outbreak in Japan in 2014. We consider the results of this study to be useful for a retrospective analysis of the dengue outbreak in Japan. In Japan at that time, as of 17 September 2014, a total of 131 cases had been confirmed. These are preliminary findings, along with public health response activity from the first documented autochthonous hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Japan in nearly 70 years. On the other hand, in 2012-2014 we conducted a sample collection in Bangkalan. Previously, DHF cases in this city were reported to be higher than other cities in Madura Island based on data from the East Java Provincial Health Office in 2013. Seventeen samples from 359 blood samples (4.7%) were positive for DENV isolation. Serotype and phylogenetic analysis to reveal the dominance of DENV-1 genotype I (9/17, 52.9%), followed by DENV-2 type Cosmopolitan (7/17, 41.2%) and DENV-3 genotype I (1/17 , 5.9%). %). DENV-4 was not found. The virus transition pattern in Bangkalan was similar to that in Surabaya at that time. This suggests that the virus circulation in Surabaya and Bangkalan coincides as workers from Bangkalan commute to and from Surabaya. The serotype and genotype results in Surabaya and Bangkalan are similar to previous results in Indonesia, but especially in Bogor similar to Japan 2014. This study shows the importance of continuous virus surveillance in dengue endemic areas, to understand the dynamics of dengue fever infection in Indonesia. Author: Soegeng Soegijanto, et al Source : news.unair.ac.id {:}{:id}Virus dengue (DENV) adalah virus yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk, ditularkan oleh nyamuk vektor Aedes sp. Infeksi dengan empat serotipe DENV-1 hingga 4. Indonesia, kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1968 di kota Jakarta dan Surabaya. Indonesia setiap tahun telah mengalami sekitar 100.000 kasus demam berdarah (DF) dan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) yang dilaporkan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Namun, survei epidemiologi virus dengue (DENV) masih terbatas di negara ini. Di Surabaya, kota terbesar kedua, suatu laporan menunjukkan bahwa virus dengue tipe 2 (DENV-2) adalah virus yang paling dominan beredar pada tahun 2003-2005. Pada tahun 2007, kami memulai pengawasan DENV di Surabaya didukung oleh program the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Disease (J-GRID) mendirikan the Indonesia-Kobe University Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CRC-ERID). Kami menemukan bahwa dominasi DENV bergeser dari tipe 2 ke tipe 1 antara bulan Oktober dan November 2008. Survei lain yang menggunakan nyamuk yang ditangkap di alam liar pada April 2009 menegaskan bahwa virus dengue tipe 1 (DENV-1) adalah tipe dominan di Surabaya saat itu. Analisis filogenetik sekuens nukleotida gen envelope lengkap DENV-1 menunjukkan bahwa semua 22 isolat terpilih pada termasuk dalam genotipe IV dan 17 isolat terpilih termasuk dalam genotipe I. Selanjutnya, pada Desember 2010, isolat dikelompokkan ke dalam klade baru DENV-1 genotipe I, menunjukkan pergeseran klade antara September dan Desember 2010. Mulai pada bulan Januari 2011 hingga Desember 2011, hanya DENV-1 genotipe IV yang diisolasi, yang menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran genotipe kembali terjadi dari GI ke GIV. Pada Januari 2012, strain GI dan GIV mulai bersirkulasi, yang berlanjut hingga Juni 2013. Setelah Juli 2013, strain DENV-1 tidak diisolasi dan diganti dengan DENV-2. Pada tahun 2013, kami juga mengisolasi galur DENV-3 genotipe I yang berpotensi menimbulkan KLB endemik di Surabaya. Ada kemungkinan DENV-3 sudah terbentuk di populasi dan akan menggantikan strain yang beredar saat ini, yang mengarah pada peningkatan insiden dan angka kasus DBD yang parah. Pada tahun 2014 di Bogor, kami melaporkan sekuens genom DENV-1 yang secara filogenetik mendekati strain wabah di Jepang. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kawasan Asia Tenggara adalah sumber wabah asli dengue di Jepang pada tahun 2014. Kami menganggap hasil penelitian ini berguna untuk analisis retrospektif wabah demam berdarah di Jepang. Di Jepang saat itu, per 17 September 2014, total 131 kasus telah dikonfirmasi. Ini adalah temuan

{:en} The use of herbal medicine with the slogan “back to nature” is on the rise lately, but can everything in nature be effective in helping alleviate health problems experienced by humans? Natural resources including herbs and their extracts have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments. Today, people are returning to using original compounds from plants. Although currently developing synthetic drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, herbal medicine still has its own appeal to consumers, including cancer treatment. Cancer is a serious disease that is very deadly throughout the world. Cancer does not just happen, but there are several processes that make cells and organs become cancerous because of the abnormal cell division that occurs continuously without stopping. Cancer is caused due to various factors such as exposure to chemicals, environment, dietary factors, and unhealthy living. There are several cancer treatment options at this time, starting from surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, but all of them have positive and negative impacts depending on the severity of the cancer at the stage suffered by. The anticancer agent must be able to kill cancer cells without causing side effects to normal cells or healthy cells by means of apoptosis. Apoptosis itself is a cell death program that occurs normally when these cells are no longer needed by the body or it can also be due to the failure of cells to repair themselves because they are triggered by internal disorders. There are several drug candidates that meet these criteria, one of which is naringin. A recent literature has revealed that naringin is a potential anticancer compound. Naringin is a polyphenol compound that is naturally found in oranges. Citrus plants are included in the Rutaceae family, which includes fruits such as lime, lemon, mandarin, and bali. Oranges are consumed primarily as fresh or raw material for juices or canned as a segment. In addition, citrus fruits can also be used in the food, beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries such as additives, spices, cosmetic ingredients, and chemoprophylactic drugs. Naringin also gives a bitter taste when we consume orange juice. Naringin concentrations were found to be higher when the fruit was young than when the fruit was ripe. Biologically naringin is a flavanone glycoside formed from two rhamnose units attached to its aglycone parts, namely naringenin and neohesperidose flavanones. Naringin has the molecular formula C27H32O14 and a molecular weight of 580.4 g / mol. Naringin has been widely used as a research compound both in vitro and in vivo. Generally naringin is hydrolyzed to aglycon naringenin by oral lactasephlorizin hydrolase and intestinal microflora. Naringin is absorbed rapidly within the first 15 minutes to 3 hours after oral administration. Naringin is highly lipophilic and is spread to almost all organs of the body with the highest concentration in the stomach and the lowest in the brain. Naringin is also concentrated in the liver and bile by an active transport process. Many studies have revealed that naringin is a potential anticancer compound in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, including colon, pancreatic, stomach, breast, liver and lung cancers. Naringin is also reported to prevent the formation of new blood vessels at the metasatis stage of tumors and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. An in vivo study documented citrus fruits into powder (13.7 g / kg) or isolated naringin (200 mg / kg) was reported to suppress proliferation and increase apoptosis through anti-inflammatory activity. Naringin has also been shown to help suppress colon cancer development and inhibit the development of breast tumors induced by 5 mg of DMBA. In conclusion, naringin is commonly found in citrus fruits and has been proven to have anticancer properties from in vitro and in vivo studies, however, further further trials such as clinical trials for future treatment are still needed. Written by: Amaq Fadholly, Arif N. M. Ansori, and Teguh Hari Sucipto Source : news.unair.ac.id {:}{:id}Penggunaan obat herbal dengan slogan “kembali ke alam” memang sedang naik daun belakangan ini, namun apakah semua yang ada di alam bisa efektif dalam membantu meringankan masalah kesehatan yang dialami oleh manusia? Sumber daya alam termasuk tumbuhan dan ekstraknya telah digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk pengobatan banyak penyakit. Saat ini, orang-orang kembali menggunakan  senyawa asli dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Meski saat ini sedang berlangsung pengembangan obat sintetis di industri farmasi, pengobatan herbal masih tetap mempunyai daya tarik sendiri bagi konsumennya, termasuk pengobatan kanker. Kanker merupakan penyakit serius yang sangat mematikan diseluruh dunia. Kanker tidak terjadi begitu saja, namun ada beberapa proses yang menjadikan sel maupun organ menjadi sebuah kanker karena ketidaknormalan pembelahan sel yang terjadi secara terus menerus tanpa henti. Kanker disebabkan karena berbagai faktor seperti paparan bahan kimia, lingkungan, faktor makanan, dan hidup tidak sehat. Ada beberapa pilihan pengobatan kanker saat ini, mulai dari operasi, penyinaran maupun kemoterapi, namun semuanya memiliki dampak positif dan negative masing-masing tergantung tingkat keparahan kanker pada stadium yang diderita. Agen antikanker harus dapat membunuh sel kanker tanpa menimbulkan efek samping pada sel normal atau sel yang sehat dengan cara apoptosis. Apoptosis sendiri merupakan progam kematian sel yang terjadi secara normal ketika sel tersebut sudah tidak dibutuhkan lagi oleh tubuh atau juga bisa kerana gagalnya sel memeprbaiki diri karena terpicu oleh gangguan internal. Ada beberapa kandidat obat yang memang memenuhi kriteria tersebut, salah satunya adalah naringin. Sebuah literatur terbaru telah mengungkapkan bahwa naringin merupakan senyawa potensial sebagai antikanker. Naringin adalah senyawa polifenol yang secara alami terdapat pada jeruk. Tanaman jeruk termasuk dalam famili Rutaceae yaitu termasuk buah-buahan seperti jeruk nipis, lemon, mandarin, dan bali. Jeruk dikonsumsi terutama sebagai bahan segar atau mentah untuk jus atau kalengan sebagai segmen. Selain itu, buah jeruk juga bisa digunakan di bidang makanan, minuman, kosmetik, dan farmasi industri seperti aditif, rempah-rempah, bahan kosmetik, dan obat kemoprofilaktik. Naringin juga memberikan rasa pahit pada saat kita mengkonsumsi jus jeruk. Konsentrasi naringin ditemukan lebih tinggi pada saat buah masih muda dibandingkan buah sudah masak. Naringin secara biologis merupakan glikosida flavanon yang terbentuk dari dua unit rhamnose yang melekat pada bagian aglikonnya yaitu flavanon naringenin dan neohesperidosa. Naringin memiliki rumus molekul C27H32O14 dan berat

{:en} (ITD-UNAIR) On December 5, 2020, Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga (ITD UNAIR) held a Series-2 Laboratory Management Online Training: Implementation of Laboratory Management Systems in accordance with SNI ISO / IEC 17025: 2017. This workshop was organized by the ITD-UNAIR Quality Assurance Task Force, namely, Dr. E. Bimo Aksono, drh., M.Kes. The purpose of this training is to provide an overview regarding the preparation for the implementation of a laboratory management system according to SNI ISO / IEC 17025: 2017. Participants who participated in this online training were 37 people, including from 4 Centers of Excellence in Higher Education Science and Technology (PUI-PT) in Indonesia, namely, the Institute of Tropical Diseases, Airlangga University, the Center for Biotechnology and Conservation of the Wallacea Area of ​​Sam Ratulangi University, the Engineering Research Center. Airlangga University Biological Molecules, and Sebelas Maret University Center of Fintech and Banking. The event was opened by Prof. Maria Inge Lusida, dr., M.Kes., PhD., Sp.MK (K). as Chairman of ITD UNAIR. In this training, Ir. Untari Pudjiastuti gave a presentation on the Implementation of Laboratory Management Systems ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 and moderated by Dr. E. Bimo Aksono, drh., M.Kes. Ir. Untari Pudjiastuti explained the tips for applying for accreditation such as documents and funds that must be prepared for submitting accreditation for ISO / IEC 17025: 2017. According to his explanation, to build a management system according to ISO / IEC 17025: 2017, a laboratory must have general requirements such as management commitment, determination of environmental space, readiness of human resources, facilities and environmental conditions, equipment, methods, and assurance of the validity of test / calibration results. . The response from the participants regarding this online seminar was very good, such as material that could provide insight regarding laboratory accreditation, including what needs to be prepared for laboratory accreditation. This training was closed with a thank you by Prof. Dr. Fedik Abdul Rantam, drh. as Secretary of ITD UNAIR, and he gave certificates online to presenters and moderators. (Sucipto TH, 2020) {:}{:id}(ITD-UNAIR) Pada tanggal 5 Desember 2020, Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga (ITD UNAIR) menggelar acara Pelatihan Daring Manajemen Laboratorium Series-2: Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Laboratorium Sesuai SNI ISO/IEC 17025:2017. Workshop ini diselenggarakan oleh Satgas Penjaminan Mutu ITD-UNAIR yaitu, Dr. E. Bimo Aksono, drh., M.Kes. Tujuan pelatihan ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran terkait persiapaan penerapan sistem manajemen laboratorium sesuai SNI ISO/IEC 17025:2017. Peserta yang  berpartisipasi dalam pelatihan daring ini sebanyak 37 orang, antara lain berasal dari 4 Pusat Unggulan Ipteks Perguruan Tinggi (PUI-PT) di Indonesia yaitu, Lembaga Penyakit Tropis Universitas Airlangga, Pusat Studi Bioteknologi dan Konservasi Kawasan Wallacea Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Pusat Riset Rekayasa Molekul Hayati Universitas Airlangga, dan Center of Fintech and Banking Universitas Sebelas Maret. Acara dibuka oleh Prof. Maria Inge Lusida, dr., M.Kes., PhD., Sp.MK(K). selaku Ketua ITD UNAIR.  Pada pelatihan ini, Ir. Untari Pudjiastuti memberikan pemaparan tentang Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Laboratorium ISO/IEC 17025:2017 dan dimoderatori oleh Dr. E. Bimo Aksono, drh., M.Kes. Ir. Untari Pudjiastuti memaparkan tentang kiat-kiat pengajuan akreditasi seperti, dokumen-dokumen dan anggran dana yang harus dipersiapkan untuk pengajuan akreditasi ISO/IEC 17025:2017. Menurut paparan beliau untuk membangun sistem manajemen sesuai ISO/IEC 17025:2017, suatu laboratorium harus mempunyai persyaratan umum seperti komitmen manajemen, penetapan ruang lingkun, kesiapan sumber daya manusia, fasilitas dan kondisi lingkungan, peralatan, metode, serta penjaminan keabsahan hasil uji/kalibrasi. Respon dari peserta tekait seminar daring ini sangat baik, seperti materi yang dapat memberi pencerahan terkait akreditasi laboratorium, termasuk apa saja yang perlu dipersiapkan untuk akreditasi laboratorium. Pelatihan  ini ditutup dengan ucapan terima kasih  oleh Prof. Dr. Fedik Abdul Rantam, drh. selaku Sekretaris ITD UNAIR, serta beliau memberikan sertifikat secara daring kepada pemateri dan moderator. (Sucipto TH, 2020){:}